Transformator (Transformer) is 'n toestel wat die beginsel van elektromagnetiese induksie gebruik om die WS-spanning te verander, die hoofkomponente is die primêre spoel, sekondêre spoel en ysterkern (magnetiese kern). Die belangrikste funksies is: spanningstransformasie, stroomtransformasie, impedansie-transformasie, isolasie, spanningsstabilisasie (magnetiese versadigingstransformator), ens. Dit kan verdeel word in kragtransformators en spesiale transformators (elektriese oondtransformator, gelykrigter, transformator, kragfrekwensie-toetstransformator, spanning reguleerder, myn transformator, klank transformator, intermediêre frekwensie transformator, hoë frekwensie transformator, impak transformator, instrument transformator, elektroniese transformator), reaktore, transformators, ens.). Kringsimbole gebruik dikwels T as die begin van die nommer. Voorbeeld: T01, T201, ens.
Uitsetreaktor: as die lengte van die kabeluitset van die omskakelaar na die motor groter is as die gespesifiseerde waarde van die produk, moet 'n uitsetreaktor bygevoeg word om te kompenseer vir die impak van die lading en ontlading van die gekoppelde elektriese kapasitansie wanneer die elektriese kabel loop om die omskakelaarvloei te vermy. Uitgang dv / dt reaktor: om die stygingstempo van die uitsetspanning van die omskakelaar te beperk om te verseker dat die motor se isolasie normaal is. Sinusgolffilter: laat die uitsetspanning en stroom van die omskakelaar ongeveer 'n sinusgolf wees, verminder die harmoniese domeinkoëffisiënt van die motor en die isolasiedruk van die motor. Hierdie opsies moet aan die uitsetkant van die omskakelaar geïnstalleer word.
Die volgende is die produkmodel en die inleiding daarvan ：
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Werkbeginsel:
Die transformator bestaan uit 'n ysterkern (of magnetiese kern) en 'n spoel. Die spoel het twee of meer windings. Die wikkeling wat aan die kragbron gekoppel is, word die primêre spoel genoem, en die oorblywende windings word sekondêre spoele genoem. Dit kan AC-spanning, stroom en impedansie transformeer. Die eenvoudigste ysterkerntransformator bestaan uit 'n ysterkern van sagte magnetiese materiaal en twee spoele met verskillende draaie wat die ysterkern bedek.
Die rol van die kern is om die magnetiese koppeling tussen die twee spoele te versterk. Om die wervelstroom en die verlies van histerese in die yster te verminder, is die kern van gelamineerde silikonstaalplate; daar is geen elektriese verbinding tussen die twee spoele nie, en die spoele is gemaak van geïsoleerde koperdrade (of aluminiumdrade). Een spoel wat aan die AC-kragbron gekoppel is, word die primêre spoel (of primêre spoel) genoem, en die ander spoel wat aan die elektriese toestel gekoppel is, word die sekondêre spoel (of sekondêre spoel) genoem. Die werklike transformator is baie ingewikkeld, en onvermydelik is daar koperverlies (verhitting van spoelweerstand), ysterverlies (verhitting van ysterkern) en magnetiese lekkasie (magnetiese induksiedraad wat deur die lug gesluit word), ens. Om die bespreking te vergemaklik, moet u slegs die ideale transformator word hier bekendgestel. Die voorwaardes vir die vestiging van 'n ideale transformator is: ignoreer die lekkasie, ignoreer die weerstand van die primêre en sekondêre spoele, ignoreer die verlies aan die kern en ignoreer die geen-lasstroom (die stroom in die primêre spoel van die sekondêre spoel is oop). Byvoorbeeld, as die kragtransformator op volle vrag loop (die nominale drywing van die sekondêre spoeluitset), is dit naby die ideale transformator.
Transformators is statiese elektriese toestelle vervaardig volgens die beginsel van elektromagnetiese induksie. As die oorspronklike spoel van die transformator aan die AC-kragbron gekoppel word, word 'n afwisselende magnetiese vloed in die ysterkern opgewek, wat gewoonlik deur by aangedui word. Die φ in die primêre en sekondêre spoele is dieselfde, en φ is ook 'n eenvoudige harmoniese funksie. Die tabel is φ = φmsinωt. Volgens Faraday se wet op elektromagnetiese induksie is die geïnduseerde elektromotoriese krag in die primêre en sekondêre spoele e1 = -N1dφ / dt en e2 = -N2dφ / dt. In die formule is N1 en N2 die draaie van die primêre en sekondêre spoele. Daar kan gesien word dat U1 = -e1 en U2 = e2 (die fisiese hoeveelheid van die oorspronklike spoel word voorgestel deur die subskrip 1 en die fisiese hoeveelheid van die sekondêre spoel word voorgestel deur die subskrip 2). = N1 / N2, die transformasieverhouding van die transformator genoem. Vanuit die bogenoemde formule is U1 / U2 = -N1 / N2 = -k, dit wil sê die verhouding van die effektiewe waarde van die primêre en sekondêre spanning van die transformator is gelyk aan sy draaiverhouding en die faseverskil tussen die primêre en sekondêre spoel spannings is π.
Daar word verder tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat:
U1 / U2 = N1 / N2
In die geval waar die geen-lasstroom geïgnoreer kan word, is daar I1 / I2 = -N2 / N1, dit wil sê, die effektiewe waarde van die primêre en sekondêre spoelstroom is omgekeerd eweredig aan die aantal draaie en die faseverskil is π.
Op sy beurt beskikbaar
I1 / I2 = N2 / N1
Die drywing van die primêre en sekondêre spoele van 'n ideale transformator is gelyk aan P1 = P2. Dit wys dat die ideale transformator self geen kragverlies het nie. Die werklike transformator het altyd verliese, en die doeltreffendheid daarvan is η = P2 / P1. Die effektiwiteit van kragtransformators is baie hoog, tot meer as 90%
Kenmerkende parameters:
werk frekwensie
Transformator kernverlies het 'n uitstekende verhouding met frekwensie, daarom moet dit ontwerp en gebruik word volgens die gebruiksfrekwensie. Hierdie frekwensie word die werkingsfrekwensie genoem.
gegradeerde krag
Onder die gespesifiseerde frekwensie en spanning kan die transformator lank werk sonder om die uitsetkrag van die gespesifiseerde temperatuurstyging te oorskry.
Gegradeerde spanning
Verwys na die spanning wat toegepas kan word op die spoel van die transformator, wat nie hoër as die gespesifiseerde waarde tydens werking sal wees nie.
Spanningsverhouding
Verwys na die verhouding van die primêre spanning van die transformator en sekondêre spanning, daar is 'n verskil tussen geen-las-spanning-verhouding en die las-spanning-verhouding.
Geen-lasstroom
As die sekondêr van die transformator oop is, het die primêre krag steeds 'n sekere stroom. Hierdie deel van die stroom word die geen-lasstroom genoem. Die geen-lasstroom bestaan uit magnetiserende stroom (wat magnetiese vloed opwek) en ysterverliesstroom (veroorsaak deur kernverlies). Vir 'n 50Hz kragtransformator is die geen-lasstroom basies gelyk aan die magnetiserende stroom.
Lasverlies
Verwys na die kragverlies gemeet by die primêre as die transformator sekondêr oop is. Die belangrikste verlies is die kernverlies, gevolg deur die verlies aan stroom (koperverlies) op die primêre weerstand van die koper, hierdie deel van die verlies is baie klein.
effektiwiteit
Verwys na die persentasie van die verhouding van sekondêre drywing P2 tot primêre drywing P1. Oor die algemeen, hoe groter die nominale drywing van die transformator, hoe hoër is die doeltreffendheid.
Isolasie weerstand
Dit dui op die isolasieprestasie tussen elke spoel van die transformator en tussen elke spoel en die ysterkern. Die mate van isolasieweerstand hou verband met die werkverrigting van die isolerende materiaal wat gebruik word, die temperatuurvlak en die humiditeitsgraad.
